Walter Gropius
He studied architecture and started working for Peter
Behrens. Gropius was a member of Deutscher Werkbund from 1910. He joined Henry
Van de Velde foundation as being the head of the applied arts school.
Gropius founded in 1919 in the city of Weimar, then in 1925
the Bauhaus moved to Dessau which he designed the building Gropius refined the
ideas which were put in practice before WW1. The building consisted of three
wings; students hostel, workshops and design school which connected by a
bridge. He designed concrete pillars set back from the façade to have a glass
façade for more light.
Bauhaus
Over the years Bauhaus attracted several students. The Bauhaus combined elements of both fine arts and design
education, it was a school were arts meets industry. Vasily Kandinsky, Paul Klee, Lyonel Feininger, Georg
Muche, and Oskar Schiemmer were among those who taught graphic arts and
painting.
When Johannes Itten left László Moholy-Nagy took Itten’s place
as a professor. Nagy was a Hungarian painter, photographer and graphic
designer. He was the most influential figure after Gropius.
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| Composition A 19 - László Moholy-Nagy, 1927
He used perfect opaque shapes, red and black linear shapes
overlapping each other which have a certain translucency effect. His graphic
works are very similar to the constructivism movements works.
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| Composition Z VIII - László Moholy-Nagy, 1924 |
Moholy-Nagy used a flat negative space with overlapping
shapes. He used a lot of black, grey, red and yellows. It shows luminosity and
transparency in certain forms.
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Bauhausbucher 8, Malerei, Fotografie, Film- László Moholy-Nagy,1927
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Nagy was responsible for the typography and graphic design of
the Bauhaus books. The design of this book is quite rational. It featured clean
lines and typeface, all in black, red and white with a chiaroscuro background
finish.
References:
- ART HISTORY - The Bauhaus Movement - Dieselpunks. 2013. [ONLINE] Available at:http://www.dieselpunks.org/profiles/blogs/art-history-the-bauhaus. [Accessed October 2013].
- Frank Whitford, 1984. Bauhaus.(World of Art). Edition. Thames & Hudson, London.
- The Bauhaus, 1919–1933 | Thematic Essay | Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History | The Metropolitan Museum of Art. 2013. [ONLINE] Available at:http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/bauh/hd_bauh.htm. [Accessed October 2013].
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